Title: Supplementation of Mother's Own Milk With Donor Milk in Infants With Gastroschisis or Intestinal Atresia: A Retrospective Study.
In: Nutrients 2020 Feb 24;12(2). pii: E589. doi: 10.3390/nu12020589.
Authors: Rebecca Hoban, Supriya Khatri, Aloka Patel, Sharon L Unger.
Abstract: "BACKGROUND: Mother's own milk (MOM) improves in-hospital outcomes for preterm infants. If unavailable, donor milk (DM) is often substituted. It is unclear if DM vs. formula to supplement MOM is associated with improved in-hospital outcomes in term/late preterm surgical infants with gastroschisis or intestinal atresia. METHODS: This retrospective study included infants born ≥33 weeks gestational age (GA) with a birth weight of >1500 g who were admitted to a quaternary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Using Chi square and Mann-Whitney u testing, we compared hospital outcomes (length of stay, parenteral nutrition and central line days) before and after a clinical practice change to offer DM instead of formula in this surgical population. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between eras for the 140 infants (median GA 37 weeks). Fewer infants in DM era were receiving formula at discharge (50.0% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.03). In sub-analyses including only small bowel atresia and gastroschisis infants, the median length of stay (35 vs. 25, p < 0.01) and the central line days (28 vs. 20, p < 0.01) were lower in the DM era. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, offering DM instead of formula was associated with less formula feeding at discharge, and in infants with gastroschisis or small bowel atresia, shorter length of stay and central line days."
Open access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/2/589/htm
Title: A Novel Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptide CAMP 211-225 Derived From Casein in Human Milk.
In: Food & Function 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.1039/c9fo02813g. [Epub ahead of print]
Authors: Xing Wang, Yazhou Sun, Fei Wang, Lianghui You, Yan Cao, Ranran Tang, Juan Wen, Xianwei Cui.
Abstract: "A large number of bioactive peptides derived from breast milk have been identified to be multifunctional having anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and antimicrobial activities. Here, we report that an endogenous peptide located at β-casein 211-225 amino acid from human breast milk (hereafter called CAMP211-225) presents specific antimicrobial activity against pathogenic E. coli and Y. enterocolitica. CAMP211-225 is a novel peptide that occurs at higher levels in preterm milk than in term milk. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CAMP211-225 against E. coli and Y. enterocolitica are 3.125 μg ml-1 and 6.25 μg ml-1, respectively, and the antimicrobial activity of CAMP211-225 was also confirmed by a disk diffusion assay. Further studies using fluorescence staining, scanning electron microscopy and a DNA-binding assay revealed that CAMP211-225 kills bacteria through a membrane-disrupting mechanism, but not by binding to intracellular nucleic acids. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease in neonatal intensive care units. In our study, CAMP211-225 administration effectively reduced ileal mucosa damage in an experimental NEC mice model. These results suggest that the antimicrobial peptide CAMP211-225 may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of neonatal infections."
Abstract only: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/FO/C9FO02813G#!divAbstract
Title: Chlorinated Paraffins in Human Milk from Urban Sites in China, Sweden, and Norway.
In: Environmental Science & Technology 2020 Feb 26. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06089. [Epub ahead of print]
Authors: Yihui Zhou, Bo Yuan, Elisabeth Nyberg, Ge Yin, Anders Bignert, Anders Glynn, Jon Øyvind Odland, Yanling Qiu, Yajie Sun, Yongning Wu, Qianfen Xiao, Daqiang Yin, Zhiliang Zhu, Jianfu Zhao, Åke Bergman.
Abstract: "Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were analyzed in human milk from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Scandinavia. Individual samples were collected from Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing (China), Stockholm (Sweden), and Bodø (Norway), between 2010 and 2016. Mean concentrations (range) of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in samples from the YRD were 124(<LOD-676), 146(<LOD-1260), and 19.1(<LOD-184) ng g-1 fat, respectively, which all were significantly (p<0.05) higher than 15.9(<LOD-120), 45.0(<LOD-311), and 5.50(<LOD-29.0) ng g-1 fat, respectively, in samples from Scandinavia. MCCPs predominate in most samples, and LCCP concentrations exceed reported for PBDEs in human milk from the same regions. This study is the first to confirm LCCP exposure via breast-feeding. Principal Component Analysis showed that the YRD samples were more influenced by SCCPs than the Scandinavian samples, which mirrors different exposures to CPs between the regions. Due to a large variation in concentrations among individuals, SCCP intake via breastfeeding indicated a potential health concern for the 90th percentile among Chinese infants. Further, CP concentrations in the YRD samples from first-time mothers were on average three times higher than from second-time mothers. In order to limit the worldwide CP contamination, the inclusion of SCCPs as POPs in the Stockholm Convention needs to be followed up by inclusion of MCCPs and LCCPs as well."
Abstract only: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b06089
A review article:
Title: Bioactive Factors in Human Breast Milk Attenuate Intestinal Inflammation during Early Life.
In: Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020581
Authors: Julie D. Thai, Katherine E. Gregory.
Abstract: "Human breast milk is well known as the ideal source of nutrition during early life, ensuring optimal growth during infancy and early childhood. Breast milk is also the source of many unique and dynamic bioactive components that play a key role in the development of the immune system. These bioactive components include essential microbes, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. These factors all interact with intestinal commensal bacteria and/or immune cells, playing a critical role in establishment of the intestinal microbiome and ultimately influencing intestinal inflammation and gut health during early life. Exposure to breast milk has been associated with a decreased incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating disease characterized by overwhelming intestinal inflammation and high morbidity among preterm infants. For this reason, breast milk is considered a protective factor against NEC and aberrant intestinal inflammation common in preterm infants. In this review, we will describe the key microbial, immunological, and metabolic components of breast milk that have been shown to play a role in the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation and/or NEC prevention."
Open access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/2/581/htm